The veteran employee, Kenichi Kato, had been transferring the lion when it slipped through an open cage door.
Emergency services rushed to the scene after it was reported a worker had “collapsed” in an enclosure after suffering a bite to the neck.
The park, in Fukushima, said it will remain closed for a while “until safety measures are improved.”
A spokesman said: “It is believed that he was feeding a lion.”
Kato was reportedly luring the lion using food, but may have forgotten to lock a door that should have separated him from the beast.
Vice president of the park Norichika Kumakubo said: “The process is that we open the door, and place the food. Once the food is placed, the door is to be closed and locked.”