Prototypes

The American subsidiary of Belgian gunmaker Fabrique Nationale (FN) has delivered new prototype rifles and machine guns chambered to fire the 6.5x43mm Lightweight Intermediate Caliber Cartridge (LICC) to the U.S. military. LICC is one of several avenues the U.S. military has pursued in the past decade to find new small arms that offer greater range and terminal effectiveness, particularly over existing types firing the 5.56x45mm round. Though a U.S.-led effort, Canada has also been deeply involved in LICC.

FN America put out a press release today saying it had provided an unspecified number of test samples of the LICC-Individual Weapon System (LICC-IWS) and LICC-Assault Machine Gun (LICC-AMG) to the Irregular Warfare Technical Support Directorate (IWTSD). The IWTSD, first established in 1999 as the Combating Terrorism Technical Support Office (CTTSO), resides within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict. It is charged with identifying and developing new capabilities primarily to aid in irregular warfare operations. In U.S. military parlance, irregular warfare is an umbrella term that encompasses a host of lower-intensity mission sets, including counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism, as well as advising and assisting foreign forces, often performed by special operations units.

The LICC effort traces its roots back to the mid-2010s. The 6.5x43mm cartridge evolved directly from the .264 USA round, which was developed internally by the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit (AMU). FN has been under contract to develop a weapon system to go with the LICC ammunition since 2019. The steel-cased 6.5x43mm rounds are 20 percent lighter than equivalent cartridges with brass cases, and have better accuracy, range, and performance compared to typical 5.56x45mm loadings, according to the company.

The LICC-IWS is a version of FN’s Improved Performance Carbine (IPC). Though it has some broad external resemblances to the AR-15/M16 family, as well as larger AR-10-style guns, the IPC is a proprietary gas-piston operated design that first broke cover in 2023.

FN America has developed three subvariants of the LICC-IWS with 12.5-inch, 14.5-inch, and 18-inch barrels, referred to as the Close Quarters Battle, Carbine, and Designated Marksmanship Rifle types, respectively. The company says the 14.5-inch barrelled version is 35 and a half inches overall (32 and a half inches with its stock collapsed) and weighs 7.75 pounds. This puts it in the same general size and weight class as the 5.56x45mm M4A1 carbine, which continues to be widely issued across the U.S. military and has been something of a control standard for the LICC effort.

“Initial test firing results from the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit and other operators show that the accuracy of the LICC-IWS is consistently two times better than the M4A1,” Jim Williams, Vice President of Military Programs for FN America, said in a statement today. “Additionally, the LICC-IWS handles like the M4A1, yet remains soft shooting when firing the new 6.5×43 lightweight ammunition.”

The LICC-AMG is a 6.5x43mm variant of FN’s Evolys machine gun, which made its public debut in 2021. The belt-fed Evolys is also offered chambered in 5.56x45mm and 7.62x51mm. The LICC version has a 14.5-inch barrel, is nearly 40 inches long overall (36 and a half inches with its stock collapsed), and weighs nearly 14 pounds. FN America says it has tested the LICC-AMG against its Mk 48, Mk 46, and M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW) machine guns. The Mk 48 is a 7.62x51mm derivative of the 5.56x45mm M249. The Mk 46 is a special-purpose subvariant of the M249. All three types are in service with various elements of the U.S. military.

“In prototype testing, the AMG was more accurate than the FN MK 48 in full auto mode,” according to FN America’s release today. “Overall, the AMG demonstrated improved performance in lethality, accuracy, durability, balance, and handling over the FN M249 and FN MK 46/MK 48 machine guns.”

“FN’s ultimate goal is to advance from development into production and field a final solution that provides operators a system that is easier to operate, more accurate and more effective than anything available today,” Mark Cherpes, President and CEO for FN America, also said in a statement. “After this test and evaluation phase, our plan is to take user feedback, fine-tune the systems, and move into low-rate initial production.”

“Multiple users will test the operational samples, providing critical feedback to aid FN and IWTSD in the final development of the systems,” today’s press release adds.

All this being said, what the exact plan is going forward for the LICC effort, and who might be in line to field the LICC-IWS and/or the LICC-AMG on any level, is not entirely clear. Key to the genesis of the preceding .264 USA cartridge were lessons learned by U.S. forces from combat in Afghanistan during the Global War on Terror era, where being outranged was a common complaint.

“Tactical operators require an integrated, user-tailorable, lightweight shoulder-fired individual weapon and lightweight intermediate caliber cartridge (LICC) that can overmatch the current maximum effective range and terminal effects of peer, near peer, and future threat individual weapons and ammunition, while also defeating current and emerging threat individual protective equipment out to 800 meters,” what was then CCTSO had said in a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) contracting notice back in 2018.

Since then, the U.S. Army has selected a new standard service rifle and replacement for the M249, the M7 and M250, both from Sig Sauer and chambered to fire a 6.8x51mm round. The Next Generation Squad Weapons program that birthed those weapons was driven heavily by the same concerns about range as LICC, as well as improvements in adversary body armor.

Army special operations units were involved in developmental testing of the M7 and M250, though it remains to be seen how widespread the use of those guns within the broader special operations community might be in the end. The M7 rifle has been the subject of some controversy recently, including criticism about its weight, bulk, and increased recoil compared to the M4A1, as you can read more about here.

In recent years, the U.S. special operations community has also increasingly embraced the 6.5mm Creedmoor round, again because of the increased range, accuracy, and terminal performance it offers over 5.56x45mm, as well as 7.62x51mm. U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) has ordered examples of at least two new rifles in this caliber in the past two years, and has also been evaluating belt-fed machine guns chambered to fire this round.

This all prompts a question of whether the IWTSD is now continuing to pursue LICC with more of an eye toward requirements from foreign allies and partners. As mentioned, Canada is known to be heavily involved in the effort. The 2018 BAA notably used Colt Canada’s C8 Special Forces Weapon (SFW), an AR-15/M16 pattern carbine distinct from the U.S. standard M4A1, as the comparison point for many of the stated LICC requirements. At the time of writing, the LICC-IWS and LICC-AMG pages on FN America’s website notably show the IWTSD logo and the crest of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM).

“With an eye to the future, CANSOFCOM is pursuing a NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) for 6.5 x 43 mm in partnership with at least one additional NATO member,” Soldier Systems Daily reported earlier this year, citing unnamed sources. “At this point, the other party has not been disclosed. However, I know it is not the US, which has been working on the 6.8 x 51mm common case cartridge as their path forward.”

Canada has historically been very tight-lipped about its special operations community.

Whatever the case, FN America is clearly continuing to work with the IWTSD to advance the LICC effort, with series production of guns chambered in that round now said to be finally on the horizon.

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The U.S. Air Force has awarded a contract for the development and production of a new Next Generation Penetrator (NGP) bunker buster bomb. NGP is the planned successor to the 30,000-pound GBU-57/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP), which became a household name after its first-ever real-world use against deeply-buried nuclear facilities in Iran during Operation Midnight Hammer earlier this year.

Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA) recently announced that it had received the new NGP contract from the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center’s (AFLCMC) Munitions Directorate at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. ARA will be working on the new bunker buster bomb in close cooperation with Boeing, the current prime contractor for MOP. The stealthy B-2 bomber is currently the only aircraft cleared to employ MOPs operationally, and can only carry two of them on a single sortie. The future B-21 Raider stealth bomber is smaller than the B-2 and is expected to be able to carry a single MOP. Both the B-2 and B-21 could be in line to carry NGPs depending on when that munition is fielded. You can read more about the history of MOP in this past TWZ feature.

Under the 24-month deal, ARA will “serve as the System Design Agent for the development of a prototype air-to-ground Next Generation Penetrator weapon system,” according to a company press release. “ARA will also produce and test sub-scale and full-scale prototype munitions. This effort will evaluate capabilities against hard and deeply buried targets that pose critical challenges to U.S. national security.”

In addition, “leveraging decades of experience in guided and penetrating munitions, ARA will lead design maturation, while Boeing will drive tail kit development and support all-up-round integration.”

A specialized tail unit, designated the KMU-612/B, which contains the GPS-assisted inertial navigation system (INS) guidance package and other systems, is a key component of the current MOP. A BLU-127/B penetrating “warhead” is combined with the KMU-612/B, as well as other components, including advanced fuzes designed to help produce the maximum destructive effect after burrowing deep down to a target, to create a complete GBU-57/B bomb.

Further details about the NGP’s expected capabilities remain limited. A contracting notice that the Munitions Directorate at Eglin put out in February 2024 called for a bomb with a warhead weighing 22,000 pounds or less and that would be “capable of blast / frag[mentation] / and penetration effects.” However, the notice did not specify a desired gross weight or prospective dimensions for the entire munition.

The notice also called for a “terminal accuracy” of “CE90 w/in 2.2m both in GPS aided, degraded, and denied environments.” In layman’s terms, this means the munition needs to hit within 7.2 feet (2.2 meters) of a specified impact point at least 90 percent of the time, which is a very steep demand. GPS-assisted INS-guided Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) bombs, on average, can hit within 16.4 feet (five meters) of designated target coordinates under optimal conditions, but this can grow to nearly 100 feet (30 meters) if GPS connectivity is lost, according to the Air Force.

“The USAF will consider novel, demonstrated, or fielded Guidance, Navigation & Control (GNC) technologies with viability for integration into a warhead guidance system design that can achieve repeatable, high accuracy performance in GPS aided, degraded, and/or denied environments,” the February 2024 contracting notice added. It also mentioned the “possible integration of embedded fuze technology,” but did not elaborate.

As TWZ regularly notes in reporting on the MOP, fuzing is a particularly important aspect of deep-penetrating munitions, especially if the exact location and/or layout of the target is not well-established ahead of a strike. Advanced fuzes with features like the ability to ‘count’ floors to determine depth and sense the ‘voids’ formed by underground mission spaces greatly increase the potential for maximum damage from a weapon like MOP or NGP.

Furthermore, “the prototype penetrator warhead design effort should allow integration of technologies acquired and lessons learned under previous penetrator warhead developments to meet performance requirements for the HDBT [Hard and Deeply Buried Target] target set.”

As TWZ previously reported, the Air Force has had an interest in an NGP bunker buster bomb since at least the early 2010s, which is when the MOP began to enter operational service. The service has notably expressed interest in a powered standoff capability, as well as enhanced and potentially scalable terminal effects in the past. An add-on rocket motor could also aid with penetration.

An NGP that can be employed from standoff ranges would offer extended reach, as well as help reduce the vulnerability of the launch platform. Unpowered MOPs have to be released close to the target, a key reason why the highly survivable B-2 is currently the only operational delivery method for those weapons. The Air Force has been separately warning about ever-growing air defense threats that will increasingly challenge even stealthy aircraft, especially in any future high-end fight, such as one against China in the Pacific.

As noted, the forthcoming B-21 is smaller than the B-2, and is only expected to be able to carry a single MOP rather than two at a time. Broadly speaking, the much larger planned size of the total Raider fleet will help mitigate the smaller payload capacity of those aircraft. At the same time, this could create a new incentive to, if possible, devise an NGP that is smaller and/or lighter while at least retaining similar effectiveness to the existing MOP.

During Operation Midnight Hammer, six B-2s dropped 12 MOPs on Iran’s nuclear facility at Fordow, six each on just two impact points, with the successive bombs burrowing deeper and deeper to the actual target. If the same operation had been conducted using MOP-armed B-21s, twice as many bombers would’ve been necessary. As it stands, the exact results of the strike on Fordow remain a point of significant debate.

Air Force officials have already, unsurprisingly, made clear that lessons learned from Operation Midnight Hammer have been factoring into work on upgrades for the GBU-57/B, as well as planning for a follow-on to MOP. That operation also underscored the value that a conventional munition like MOP offers against targets that might otherwise only be reachable using a nuclear weapon.

“We are constantly looking at, whether it be those [MOP replacement options], or an advanced technology, or advanced tactics, to be able to get ahead and make sure, as the threat moves to defend, we have the ability to put the kit together that we can continue to have events like last Saturday night happen if we’re called upon again,” Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. David Allvin said at a hearing before members of the Senate Appropriations Committee back on June 26, referring to the strikes on Iran. “It might be something different than the GBU-57, some advancement based on what the enemy might do.”

“This is not a static environment,” Allvin added at that time. “Now that we know that it was successful, I’m pretty sure that people who are potential adversaries might look at that and they may adapt.”

During the hearing in June, Allvin also said the Air Force was working to bolster its stocks of MOPs, which could continue to be an important part of the service’s arsenal even after the future NGP begins entering service.

Much still remains to be learned about the Air Force’s NGP plans, but with the new contract awarded to ARA, the service is set to have its first full-scale prototypes within the next two years.

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